Well Pad is a platform that has been made for a drilling rig to work on a plot of land meant for crude oil and natural gas extraction. The producing well pad typically includes five types of equipments such as wellheads, separation unit, tanks, combustors and remote telemetry unit (RTU). There is a wellhead on the pad for every well drilled and many have multiple wells. The wellheads are made up of a metal housing of valves, seals and tubes at the surface which controls the extraction of oil and gas from the underground well. Wellhead also prevents any leaking of oil and gas out of the well. Advanced monitoring equipment transmits wellhead pressures to the control unit.
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The separation unit removes water and liquid hydrocarbons from the oil and gas stream. Natural resources located underground are very different from those used to heat homes and fuel transportation. The liquid removed from the stream is generally water and is referred to as condensate and produced water. High salt content is found in produced water and is nonpotable. Condensate recovered at the surface is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons that are produced from the condensation formed due to sudden change in pressure as gases are brought out of the ground. Condensate is the purest form of gasoline found in composition. Produced water and condensate are removed from the stream and are sent from the separation unit to onsite tanks.
Number and size of tanks on a particular pad differs depending on the amount of liquids produced. The tanks provide temporary storage of produced liquids and allows for natural separation of hydrocarbons from water. The lighter hydrocarbons float at the top of the tank and the water settles at the bottom. The liquids are then removed from the tank through pipelines or truck. The remaining water is disposed as per Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission regulations.
Combustor is a long cylindrical piece of equipment that burns volatile organic compounds that may gather in the tanks. Certain concentrations of volatile organic compounds are allowed to gather in the tank and are then automatically released to the combustor. The VOCs are burned through the length of the combustor.
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Apart from the wellheads, separation unit, tanks, pressurizes and combustors additional equipments are used to remotely monitor oil and gas production. Automated device enhance production and allow for minimal well site visits and thereby increases safety. Production equipments are connected through a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system through a remote telemetry unit. The SCADA system gathers and analyzes real time well data involving tank levels, electronic flow measurements and pressure which is transmitted to control units situated at the site.
Developing countries and growing population are some of the key drivers of the completed well pads and equipments market. However, huge capital required for drilling can hinder the growth of the market in the near future. Ample opportunities are there for completed well pads and equipments market as demand for energy is increasing at a healthy rate across the globe.
Some of the key players in the completed well pads and equipments market include Encana Corporation, Devon Energy Corporation, The H&K Group, Ausenco Company, Geotech Drilling Ltd, Suncor Energy Inc., Salym Petroleum, Equinox Engineering Ltd. and DA Nolt Inc. among others.
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